LiyuanTang1,2, Wei Ma1, MehmoodAli Noor 1, Lianlu Li3, Haipeng Hou1, XiangyunZhang2 &MingZhao1
Increasing planting density is the main method and key management to enhance the grain yield. Preventing lodging and premature senescence in high planting density, and screening and enhancing the density-tolerance of maize variety is the main goal of agronomy. Diferential response of maize hybrids to high plant density greatly afect the dry matter accumulation and its allocation to maize kernel, depending upon various traits responsible for crowding stress tolerance, of which ear characteristics are pivotal. Density resistance as a quality appraisal of certain variety permits the construction of a simple and accurate method to determine this value, useful for plant breeding. Therefore, we created a new quantitative method, which tested several maize varieties planted populary in China (e.g. Zhengdan 958, Xianyu 335, and Denghai 661) to quantify their response to crowding stress through model. We established 13 planting densities (ranging 1.67–16.67 plants m−2) by adopting fxed line spacing (80×40cm) and then gradually increasing row spacing from 1m to increasing planting density. A conventional standard plot was also established for verifcation and evaluation of the plant morphologic characteristics, ear traits, and the yield of maize at various standard densities during 5-year study period. By studying the density–yield relationship, a quantitative model was constructed to identify the density resistance of maize. Grain yield of maize varieties under varying planting densities were simulated, and models of population yield and yield per plant that ftted the data well with high biological signifcance were produced. From the models, the optimal density of the popular main maize varieties planted in China and the morphological characteristics of each variety at that density were identifed. The density-resistance of each variety was referred to as the ear-sensitivity classifcation. With the highest yield at the optimal density, the plant height of each variety reached 98% to that of tallest plant. The ear/plant ratio was about 0.45, and the ratio between the stem diameter and the largest stem diameter was 0.65–0.80. During the harvest period, the ratio between average single-plant yield and the highest single-plant yield was 0.40–0.50. By gradually increasing planting density, the density resistance of the maize and the changes in yield with density were quantifed. Present study provides a convenient tool for the efective selection of varieties by plant breeders through this method and model will help to rapidly identify the density resistance for a new variety and accurate confrmation to optimal planting density, it could be optimized to enable practical production at reasonable planting densities.